Ekmelic Music Tables ==================== Tables with accidentals, alterations, and note names supported by [Ekmelily](https://github.com/tr-igem/ekmelily) and partly by [ekmelib](http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/extra/ekmelib.html). See also the tables at [Ekmelic Music](http://www.ekmelic-music.org/en/extra/tables.html). These files are provided "as is," and come with absolutely no warranty. Use, redistribute, and modify them as you wish. See also the "Sources" at the end of this file. Contents -------- accidentals.ods alteration-codes.ods notenames.ods README.md -- This file Alteration codes ---------------- This is a proposal for a universal encoding of alterations in an arbitrary tuning and independent of a specific accidental notation. An alteration code represents a distinct tone step, i.e. either an Equal-Temperament tone fraction, or a Just Intonation primary comma, relative to a base tone in a given scale. The encoding is based on the Sagittal notation system and the corresponding code points in SMuFL. It has been devised for use in Ekmelily to support different tunings. ### Basic concepts * All codes are positive integers. * 0 represents natural. * An even code 2n represents an upward alterations. An odd code 2n+1 represents the corresponding downward alteration. * The codes are grouped into blocks according to the precision classes of Sagittal S,A,T,P (see below) and to the corresponding SMuFL ranges. The order of codes within a block equals the order of SMuFL code points. * The codes are not always contiguous, i.e. there are unused and reserved ranges, and not necessarily sorted by alteration. * Additional bits are reserved for alternative codes, e.g. for enharmonically equivalent accidentals, and possibly for higher precisions according to the accidental diacritics in Sagittal. ### Ranges Range Size Description -------------------------------------------------------------------- 0000..01FF 512 Basic codes, bit 0 - 8 0000..000F 16 No alteration 0000 1 Natural 0001..000F 15 -- (accidental-like characters with 0 alteration, spaces ?) 0010..005F 80 S - Spartan 0010..001F 16 Single-shaft 0020..0045 38 Multi-shaft (incl. 2 unused), up to whole tone 0046..0051 12 up to 5/4 tone 0052..005F 14 -- 0060..009F 64 A - Athenian (medium precision) 0060..0087 40 up to whole tone 0088..0091 10 up to 5/4 tone 0092..009F 14 -- 00A0..00BF 32 T - Trojan (12-EDO relative) 00A0..00B7 24 up to whole tone 00B8..00BD 6 up to 5/4 tone 00BE..00BF 2 -- 00C0..013F 128 P - Promethean (high precision) 00C0..00DD 30 Single-shaft 00DE..00DF 2 -- 00E0..011F 64 Multi-shaft (incl. 2 unused), up to whole tone 0120..0133 20 up to 5/4 tone 0134..013F 12 -- 0200..03FF 512 Alternative codes = Basic codes + 0x0200 (bit 9) ? H - Herculean (very high precision) diacritics ? O - Olympian (extreme precision) diacritics ? M - Magrathean (insane precision) diacritics ### Files The degree in a TUNING field is an integer number, or a fixed point number for a "fractional degree" (like "1,5"), or it is empty. Some rows are empty (tabs only). Else the first field is always non-empty. The rows are in the order of Code. Column Field name Description -------------------------------------------------------------------- A 1 Code Alteration code (H) B 2 Name JI primary comma systematic name C 3 Numerator -,- Primary comma D 4 Denominator -' E 5 Class Sagittal precision class S,A,T,P (see above) F 6 Symbol Sagittal accidental symbol G 7 Codepoint SMuFL code point of the accidental (H) H 8 Long Sagittal Pure long ASCII representation I 9 Short Sagittal Mixed short ASCII representation J 10 TUNING Degree in TUNING : : : CR 95 : TUNING is one of the 86 EDO tunings: 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 68 70 71 72 75 76 77 79 84 87 88 89 94 96 99 108 111 112 118 120 125 130 132 142 144 152 156 168 171 176 180 183 192 217 224 Accidentals ----------- Tables with the supported accidentals (mostly up to the 5/4 tone). xx is a notation style predefined in Ekmelily with the consecutive fields `xxCode`, `xxName`, and optionally `xxAscii`. The rows are in the order of `index`. Column Field name Description -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A 1 index Consecutive index B 2 code Alteration code (H) C 3 equiv Y = Enharmonically equivalent accidental, else N D 4 step Step (degree) of the alteration: 0,+1,-1,+2,-2,... E 5 fraction Tone fraction (inflection) of the alteration (R) F 6 cent Alteration in cents (R) G 7 comma JI primary comma systematic name H 8 xxCode Code point(s) of the accidental (H)(S) I 9 xxName Glyph name(s) of the accidental (S) J 10 xxAscii Alternative ASCII notation (only some notation styles) : : : : : : HEWM HEWM (Helmholtz/Ellis/Wolf/Monzo) notation (only 72-EDO) : : altAscii Another alternative ASCII notation (only 72-EDO) Note names ---------- Tables with the supported note names (pitch names), based on the names for 12- and 24-EDO defined in LilyPond. The rows are in the order of `index`. Column Field name Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ A 1 index Consecutive index B 2 scale Index of the scale note (natural note), usually 0 to 6 C 3 code Alteration code (H) D 4 rstep Real step = step (degree) of scale note + alteration E 5 step Step (degree) within the octave F 6 exceed Octave exceed: -1 if rstep < 0, 1 if rstep >= TUNING, else 0 G 7 fraction Tone fraction (inflection) (R) H 8 cent Tone fraction in cents (R) I 9 LANG Note names in language LANG (S) : : : : Format ------ * CSV files are UTF-8 encoded, with comma `,` as field separator, and CR+LF as line separator (dialect='excel'). * Except for some `Short` fields in "alteration-code.csv", no field is quoted or has escape sequences. * The first row is a header with the field names. * (H) Hexadecimal number without a prefix like `U+` or `0x`. * (R) Rational or integer number with a leading `+` or `-`. * (S) May contain two or more values separated by single space. Sources ------- * SMuFL - Standard Music Font Layout, Version 1.4, 2021. A specification for music symbols, introduced by Daniel Spreadbury and developed by the [W3C Music Notation Community Group](https://www.w3.org/community/music-notation/), http://www.smufl.org/ , https://github.com/w3c/smufl . * Rolf Maedel, Franz Richter Herf: Ekmelische Musik. In: Schriften der Hochschule Mozarteum. No. 4, Katzbichler, München/Salzburg 1977, ISBN 3-87397-473-8. * Horst-Peter Hesse: Breaking into a New World of Sound: Reflections on the Ekmelic Music of the Austrian Composer Franz Richter Herf (1920-1989). In: Perspectives of New Music, Volume 29 Number 1, Winter 1991. * George D. Secor, David C. Keenan: Sagittal - A Microtonal Notation System. 2006, 2012, April 2020. https://sagittal.org/ . * LilyPond - the GNU music typesetter, Version 2.22. File "define-note-names.scm" Copyright (C) 2010--2020 Valentin Villenave et al. http://lilypond.org/ . * Joe Monzo: Tonalsoft - Encyclopedia of Microtonal Music Theory. http://www.tonalsoft.com/enc/h/hewm.aspx . * Suzette Mary Battan: Alois Hába's Neue Harmonielehre des diatonischen, chromatischen, Viertel-, Drittel-, Sechstel- und Zwölftel-Tonsystems. University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 1980. Fig. 8. from Alois Hába: Harmonické základy ctvrttónové soustavy, 1922. Fig. 13. from Alois Hába: Neue Harmonielehre, 1925, pub. 1927. * Gardner Read: 20th-Century Microtonal Notation. p.122, from Brian Ferneyhough: Unity Capsule (1975). * Kyle Gann: The Arithmetic of Listening: Tuning Theory and History for the Impractical Musician. p.212, "EX. 13.9:" Hába, notation for Suite for Violoncello. * Jean-Michel Hufflen: History of accidentals in music. In: TUGboat, Volume 38, 2017, No. 2, pp. 147. https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb38-2/tb119hufflen-music.pdf . * Alain Bancquart, Carlos Agon, Moreno Andreatta: Microtonal Composition. pp. 279-302. http://recherche.ircam.fr/equipes/repmus/moreno/AndreattaMicrotonality.pdf . * Marc Sabat, Wolfgang von Schweinitz: Extended Helmholtz-Ellis JI Pitch Notation (HEJI). https://masa.plainsound.org/pdfs/legend.pdf . * M. Kemal Karaosmanoglu: A Turkish Makam Music Symbolic Database For Music Information Retrieval: SymbTr. 2012, ISMIR. https://ifdo.ca/~seymour/runabc/makams/index.html . * Salah el-Mahdi: Al-Turath al-Musiqa al-Tunisiya. Volume 8, 1980.